On the second stage (backward course) the optimal solution is chosen from OMD. Constraints are handled by narrowing the OMD. On the first stage (direct course) the OMD are calculated for all network elements from wells to terminal. Let's call this set an operation modes domain (OMD). The idea is to work with entire set of all possible operation modes according to constraints and control capabilities. The paper proposes a new flexible and relatively efficient method that allows to reliably handle constraints.
Sometimes solution may violate constraints or not be an optimal.
Traditional numerical methods solve the problem iteratively, choosing the operation modes for network elements. It is especially difficult in combination with optimization and automatic control of well and surface equipment. A serious numerical problem is the handling of constraints in the form of inequalities. Abstract Recently, more and more reservoir flow models are being extended to integrated ones to consider the influence of the surface network on the field development.
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